Multi-sensor remote sensing analysis of coal fire induced land subsidence in Jharia Coalfields, Jharkhand, India

The subsidence in coal mines induced by surface and subsurface fires leading to roof collapse, infrastructure loss, loss of lives is a prominent concern. In the study, satellite imagery from thermal microwave remote sensing data used deduce effect on Jharia Coalfields, India. Thermal Infrared acquired Landsat-8 (band 10) derive temperature anomaly maps. Persistent Scatterer Interferometry analysis was performed sixty Sentinel-1, C-band images, results are corrected for atmospheric error using Generic Atmospheric Correction Online Service InSAR (GACOS) modelling decomposed into vertical displacement values quantify subsidence. A zone-wise hazard patterns coalfields carried out. Coal fire maps, velocity land cover maps were integrated investigate impact hazards their surroundings. Maximum approximately 20 cm/yr. up 25 °C has been observed. findings exhibit strong positive correlation between study area. Kusunda, Keshalpur, Bararee collieries identified as most critically affected zones. phenomenon some extending towards settlements transportation networks needs urgent intervention.